Buuggan (The Last Camel, True Stories of Somalia, Lawrenceville, NJ: The Red Sea Press Inc., pp 231, 1997) waxaa qortay Jeanne D’Haem oo 1968-kii ka mid ahayd barayaashii ‘Peace Corps’-ka. Buugga wuxuu ka kooban yahay hal dersin oo sheekooyin gaa-gaaban oo la xiriira waaya aragnimadii ay ka dhaxashay muddada 12-ka bilood ah oo ay bare ka ahayd dugsiga Arabsiyo (Dalka Soomaalida).
Habka sheekooyinka loo qoray waa mala’awaal iyo dhacdooyin isku dhifan. Waxaa sheekooyinka ka muuqda waxyaaba fara badan oo la xiriira is afgarashawaaga shisheeyaha, oo uu afka iyo dhaqankaba ay ku cusub yihiin, iyo dadka dalka deggan; kuwaasoo marar badan akhristaha madaddaalinaaya. Meelo badan qorahu waxay ku muujisay inay si kasta ay u dadaasho haddana mar waliba soo jiidaysay dhibab la xiriira is afgarashawaaga.
Inkastoo buugga la qoray 1997-kii dabayaaqadiisa haddana erayada Af Soomaaliga oo meesha ku xusan kuma qorna higgaadda lagu dhaqmo balse waa mid D’Haem ay iska samaysatay. Sidaas daraaddeed erayada Soomaaliga ah ee buuggani waxay ku soo bexeen kuwa yaab leh. Waxay kaloo erayadaas muujinaayaan inaysan gabadhu si wanaagsan u maqalin dhawaaqooda. Tusaale ahaan waxaan u soo qaadan karaa qaar eraydaas ka mid ah.
Tuug waa Togga; Tuuk waa tuugga, Naasa Habloid: Naasa Hablood; Hydigi: xiddiggii; Wham-a hii?: waa maxay?; Muga i goo waa….: magacaygu waa…; Calli: Kaalay; E la he la he ela Allah: Ashahaadada; iwm. Waxaad kaloo mooddaa in sida ay u seegtay dhawaaqa erayada inay u seegtay ulajeeddada arrimaha qaarkood.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, buuggan wuxuu xambaarsan yahay gefef fara badan oo mararka qaarkood noqon kara meel ka dhac loogaga dhacaayo dadka Soomaaliyeed. Gefafkaas haddaan tixo waxaa soo baxaysa in Soomaalidu ay u haystaan da’ yarta aan weli la gudin xaaraan layska dhawro nijaasdadooda[i]. Dadka Soomaaliyeed waa dad aad u neceb bisadaha waxayna ku dilaan tuuryo[ii]. Waxaa intaas ka daran oo buugga si aan shaki ku jirin loogu caddeeyay in reer guuraaga Soomaaliyeed ay aagamaha iyo dhiilaha ay caanaha ku shubtaan ku dhaqaan kaadida riyaha, biya yari awgeed, ka dibna ay cugaan; taasoo u yeelaysa caanaha dhadhan ka warqaba kaadi iyo cugay isku jira[iii]. Teeda kale D’Haem waxay sheegtay in dumarka Soomaaliyeed waagii ay hore qaadan jireen shaadir ama shuko/xijaab, balse naagaha dhillaysta ay billaabeen inay xijaabka iska tuuraan ka dibna dumarka kale ay ku daydeen[iv]. Dhanka dhaxashana D’Haem waxay ka sheegtay in markuu madaxa qoyska geeriyoodo ay dhaxlaan wiilashiisa iyo ragga qaraabadiisa ah oo keliya oo aysan xaaskiisa iyo gabdhaha uu dhalay waxba ku lehayn[v].
Sida muuqata buugaan wuxuu u dhurtay buugaagtii ay qoraayaashii gumaysi raaca ahaa qoreen oo wejiga xun u yeeli jiray dhaqanka ummadda Soommaaliyeed sida kan uu qoray Gerald Hanley (Warriors and Strangers), ama kuwa kale oo taariikh ku sheeg ah sida I. M. Lewis, R. L. Italian Colonialism in Somalia, iyo qaar kale. Waxaana muuqata in qoraayaasha shisheeyaha ah ee hor leh marka ay damcaan inay dalka ama dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed wax ka qoraan ay daba galaan buugaagtas oo ay malahaa kolka hore ay akhristaan dabadeedna ku yeesha saameyn xoog leh.
Waxay ila tahay, sida keliya oo looga bixi karo dhibtaas waa in aqoonyahaka Soomaaliyeed ay u duubtaan inay iyaka noqdaan kuwa adduunka u gudbiya xaqiiqda dadka iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed.
Faaqidadda Buugaagga Waxaa qoray
Axmed Q. Cali
[i] D’Haem J, The Last Camel, Lawrenceville: Read Sea Press Inc., 1997, pp58-59 “Untill the circumcision is done, the child is considered unlawful, unclean, and cannot prepare food or touch a man who is in a state of ritual purity.” And: “I was virtually impure, like the little children; and could not even be toched by devoted Muslim men.”
[ii] Op.Cit. P212. “ I know if the Somalis found her, [the cat] they would stone her to death. They don’t like cats; and I imagined…”
[iii] D’Haem, J. Op. Cit. p167.”The nomads had little water in the desert, so they carefully cleaned the carved woden milk dhills with goat urine.”
[iv] Op.Cit. P209. “ Proper women veiled themeselves in purdah until the prostitutes started walking around town in their clorful dresses. Eventually all the women dropped the black robes.”
[v] Ibidem p.167 “Women do not inherit the possesions and livestock of their husbands. These are divided up among the male children and relatives.”
